Art De Vany has up a summary and assessment of a soon-to-be released study on the [natural] benefits of an Evolutionary or Paleolithic Diet, primarily comparing it with the highly regarded Mediterranean Diet. The former substantially outperformed the latter in the study. More information at the website of Staffan Lindeberg; specifically, here and here. Our primate ancestors have been consuming fruit, vegetables, nuts and insects for 50 million years or more. Meat was successively added, with a probable increase around 2 million years ago. Underground storage organs (roots, tubers, bulbs, corms) possibly become staple foods 1-2 million years ago. The variability was large: single plant foods were rarely available in excess, which reduced the risk of adverse reactions to bioactive substances in plant foods. It only makes sense. An Evolutionary Diet, simply speaking, is eating those sorts of things primarily available to our primate and hominid ancestors -- in as wide a variety as possible -- during their millions of years evolving the modern digestive tract and metabolism. We haven't changed much in that regard in about 200,000 years. And the agricultural revolution, only about 10,000 years old by comparison, is a wondrous man-made technological advance that made possible billions...